TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folayan, Morenike O.
AU  - El Tantawi, Maha
AU  - Aly, Nourhan M.
AU  - Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
AU  - Schroth, Robert J.
AU  - Castillo, Jorge L.
AU  - Virtanen, Jorma, I
AU  - Gaffar, Balgis
AU  - Amalia, Rosa
AU  - Kemoli, Arthur
AU  - Vuković, Ana
AU  - Feldens, Carlos A.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2510
AB  - Background The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-old children, seven indicators of poverty and the indicator of monetary poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LICs, MICs). Methods This ecologic study utilized 2007 to 2017 country-level data for LICs and MICs. Explanatory variables were seven indicators of poverty namely food, water, sanitation, health, shelter, access to information, education; and monetary poverty. The outcome variable was the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. A series of univariate general linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5 year-old children with ECC and each of the seven indicators of poverty, and monetary poverty. This was followed by multivariable regression models to determined the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty, as well as the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty and monetary poverty. Adjusted R-2 measured models' ability to explain the variation among LICs and MICs in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. Results Significantly more people had food, sanitation, shelter, access to information, education and monetary poverty in LICs than in MICs. There was no difference in the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-old children between LICs and MICs. The combination of the seven indicators of poverty explained 15% of the variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC compared to 1% explained by monetary poverty. When the seven indicators of poverty and the indicator for monetary poverty were combined, the amount of variation explained by them was 10%. Only two of the poverty indicators had a direct relationship with the percentage of children with ECC; there was a higher percentage of ECC in countries with higher percentage of population living in slums (B = 0.35) and in those countries with higher percentage of the population living below poverty lines (B = 0.19). The other indicators had an inverse relationship. Conclusion The use of multiple indicators to measures of poverty explained greater amount of variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC in LICs and MICs than using only the indicator for monetary poverty.
PB  - BMC, LONDON
T2  - BMC Oral Health
T1  - Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Folayan, Morenike O. and El Tantawi, Maha and Aly, Nourhan M. and Al-Batayneh, Ola B. and Schroth, Robert J. and Castillo, Jorge L. and Virtanen, Jorma, I and Gaffar, Balgis and Amalia, Rosa and Kemoli, Arthur and Vuković, Ana and Feldens, Carlos A.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Background The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-old children, seven indicators of poverty and the indicator of monetary poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LICs, MICs). Methods This ecologic study utilized 2007 to 2017 country-level data for LICs and MICs. Explanatory variables were seven indicators of poverty namely food, water, sanitation, health, shelter, access to information, education; and monetary poverty. The outcome variable was the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. A series of univariate general linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5 year-old children with ECC and each of the seven indicators of poverty, and monetary poverty. This was followed by multivariable regression models to determined the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty, as well as the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty and monetary poverty. Adjusted R-2 measured models' ability to explain the variation among LICs and MICs in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC. Results Significantly more people had food, sanitation, shelter, access to information, education and monetary poverty in LICs than in MICs. There was no difference in the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-old children between LICs and MICs. The combination of the seven indicators of poverty explained 15% of the variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC compared to 1% explained by monetary poverty. When the seven indicators of poverty and the indicator for monetary poverty were combined, the amount of variation explained by them was 10%. Only two of the poverty indicators had a direct relationship with the percentage of children with ECC; there was a higher percentage of ECC in countries with higher percentage of population living in slums (B = 0.35) and in those countries with higher percentage of the population living below poverty lines (B = 0.19). The other indicators had an inverse relationship. Conclusion The use of multiple indicators to measures of poverty explained greater amount of variation in the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC in LICs and MICs than using only the indicator for monetary poverty.",
publisher = "BMC, LONDON",
journal = "BMC Oral Health",
title = "Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries",
volume = "20",
number = "1",
doi = "10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9"
}

Folayan, M. O., El Tantawi, M., Aly, N. M., Al-Batayneh, O. B., Schroth, R. J., Castillo, J. L., Virtanen, J. I., Gaffar, B., Amalia, R., Kemoli, A., Vuković, A.,& Feldens, C. A.. (2020). Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries. in BMC Oral Health
BMC, LONDON., 20(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9

Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Al-Batayneh OB, Schroth RJ, Castillo JL, Virtanen JI, Gaffar B, Amalia R, Kemoli A, Vuković A, Feldens CA. Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries. in BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1).
doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9 .

Folayan, Morenike O., El Tantawi, Maha, Aly, Nourhan M., Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Schroth, Robert J., Castillo, Jorge L., Virtanen, Jorma, I, Gaffar, Balgis, Amalia, Rosa, Kemoli, Arthur, Vuković, Ana, Feldens, Carlos A., "Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries" in BMC Oral Health, 20, no. 1 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folayan, Morenike O.
AU  - El Tantawi, Maha
AU  - Vuković, Ana
AU  - Schroth, Robert J.
AU  - Alade, M.
AU  - Mohebbi, S.Z.
AU  - Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
AU  - Arheiam, Arheiam
AU  - Amalia, Rosa
AU  - Gaffar, Balgis
AU  - Onyejaka, N.K.
AU  - Daryanavard, H.
AU  - Kemoli, Arthur
AU  - Díaz, A.C.M.
AU  - Grewal, N.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2508
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study assessed the direct, indirect and total effect of distal - political - risk indicators (affecting populations), and proximal risk indicators (affecting women) on the global prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5 year old children. METHODS: Data on global ECC prevalence were obtained from a prior study. Data for distal risk indicators (voice and accountability; political stability/absence of terrorism; control of corruption) were obtained from the World Bank Governance indicators, 2016. Data for proximal risk indicators (women's opportunity for leadership; percentage of female legislators, top officials and managers; basic employability status of women; ability of women to afford time off work to care for newborns; gross national income (GNI) per capita for females) were derived from the Human Development Index, 2016. Associations between variables were assessed with path analysis. RESULTS: Voice and accountability (β = - 0.60) and GNI per capita for females (β = - 0.33) were directly associated with a lower ECC prevalence. Political stability/absence of terrorism (β =0.40) and higher percentage of female legislators, senior officials and managers (β = 0.18) were directly associated with a higher ECC prevalence. Control of corruption (β = - 0.23) was indirectly associated with a lower ECC prevalence. Voice and accountability (β = 0.12) was indirectly associated with a higher ECC prevalence. Overall, voice and accountability (β = - 0.49), political stability/absence of terrorism (β = 0.34) and higher female GNI (β = - 0.33) had the greatest effects on ECC prevalence. CONCLUSION: Distal risk indicators may have a stronger impact on ECC prevalence than do proximal risk indicators.. Approaches to control ECC may need to include political reforms.
PB  - NLM (Medline)
T2  - BMC Oral Health
T1  - Governance, maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 166
DO  - 10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Folayan, Morenike O. and El Tantawi, Maha and Vuković, Ana and Schroth, Robert J. and Alade, M. and Mohebbi, S.Z. and Al-Batayneh, Ola B. and Arheiam, Arheiam and Amalia, Rosa and Gaffar, Balgis and Onyejaka, N.K. and Daryanavard, H. and Kemoli, Arthur and Díaz, A.C.M. and Grewal, N.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: This study assessed the direct, indirect and total effect of distal - political - risk indicators (affecting populations), and proximal risk indicators (affecting women) on the global prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5 year old children. METHODS: Data on global ECC prevalence were obtained from a prior study. Data for distal risk indicators (voice and accountability; political stability/absence of terrorism; control of corruption) were obtained from the World Bank Governance indicators, 2016. Data for proximal risk indicators (women's opportunity for leadership; percentage of female legislators, top officials and managers; basic employability status of women; ability of women to afford time off work to care for newborns; gross national income (GNI) per capita for females) were derived from the Human Development Index, 2016. Associations between variables were assessed with path analysis. RESULTS: Voice and accountability (β = - 0.60) and GNI per capita for females (β = - 0.33) were directly associated with a lower ECC prevalence. Political stability/absence of terrorism (β =0.40) and higher percentage of female legislators, senior officials and managers (β = 0.18) were directly associated with a higher ECC prevalence. Control of corruption (β = - 0.23) was indirectly associated with a lower ECC prevalence. Voice and accountability (β = 0.12) was indirectly associated with a higher ECC prevalence. Overall, voice and accountability (β = - 0.49), political stability/absence of terrorism (β = 0.34) and higher female GNI (β = - 0.33) had the greatest effects on ECC prevalence. CONCLUSION: Distal risk indicators may have a stronger impact on ECC prevalence than do proximal risk indicators.. Approaches to control ECC may need to include political reforms.",
publisher = "NLM (Medline)",
journal = "BMC Oral Health",
title = "Governance, maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children",
volume = "20",
number = "1",
pages = "166",
doi = "10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9"
}

Folayan, M. O., El Tantawi, M., Vuković, A., Schroth, R. J., Alade, M., Mohebbi, S.Z., Al-Batayneh, O. B., Arheiam, A., Amalia, R., Gaffar, B., Onyejaka, N.K., Daryanavard, H., Kemoli, A., Díaz, A.C.M.,& Grewal, N.. (2020). Governance, maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children. in BMC Oral Health
NLM (Medline)., 20(1), 166.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9

Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Vuković A, Schroth RJ, Alade M, Mohebbi S, Al-Batayneh OB, Arheiam A, Amalia R, Gaffar B, Onyejaka N, Daryanavard H, Kemoli A, Díaz A, Grewal N. Governance, maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children. in BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):166.
doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9 .

Folayan, Morenike O., El Tantawi, Maha, Vuković, Ana, Schroth, Robert J., Alade, M., Mohebbi, S.Z., Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Arheiam, Arheiam, Amalia, Rosa, Gaffar, Balgis, Onyejaka, N.K., Daryanavard, H., Kemoli, Arthur, Díaz, A.C.M., Grewal, N., "Governance, maternal well-being and early childhood caries in 3-5-year-old children" in BMC Oral Health, 20, no. 1 (2020):166,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01149-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folayan, Morenike O.
AU  - El Tantawi, Maha
AU  - Schroth, Robert J.
AU  - Vuković, Ana
AU  - Kemoli, Arthur
AU  - Gaffar, Balgis
AU  - Obiyan, Mary
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2503
AB  - Background Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (eta 2 = 0.21): 1 % higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B = 0.12, P = 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (eta 2 = 0.08): 1 % higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B = - 0.14, P = 0.048). Conclusion Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.
PB  - BMC, LONDON
T2  - BMC Nutrition
T1  - Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Folayan, Morenike O. and El Tantawi, Maha and Schroth, Robert J. and Vuković, Ana and Kemoli, Arthur and Gaffar, Balgis and Obiyan, Mary",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Background Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (eta 2 = 0.21): 1 % higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B = 0.12, P = 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (eta 2 = 0.08): 1 % higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B = - 0.14, P = 0.048). Conclusion Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.",
publisher = "BMC, LONDON",
journal = "BMC Nutrition",
title = "Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective",
volume = "6",
number = "1",
doi = "10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z"
}

Folayan, M. O., El Tantawi, M., Schroth, R. J., Vuković, A., Kemoli, A., Gaffar, B.,& Obiyan, M.. (2020). Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective. in BMC Nutrition
BMC, LONDON., 6(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z

Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Schroth RJ, Vuković A, Kemoli A, Gaffar B, Obiyan M. Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective. in BMC Nutrition. 2020;6(1).
doi:10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z .

Folayan, Morenike O., El Tantawi, Maha, Schroth, Robert J., Vuković, Ana, Kemoli, Arthur, Gaffar, Balgis, Obiyan, Mary, "Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective" in BMC Nutrition, 6, no. 1 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folayan, Morenike O.
AU  - El Tantawi, Maha
AU  - Vuković, Ana
AU  - Schroth, Robert J.
AU  - Gaffar, Balgis
AU  - Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
AU  - Amalia, Rosa
AU  - Arheiam, Arheiam
AU  - Obiyan, Mary
AU  - Daryanavard, Hamideh
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2487
AB  - Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women's empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018-2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (eta(2)) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children's oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children's oral health while empowering women.
PB  - BMC, LONDON
T2  - BMC Oral Health
T1  - Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Folayan, Morenike O. and El Tantawi, Maha and Vuković, Ana and Schroth, Robert J. and Gaffar, Balgis and Al-Batayneh, Ola B. and Amalia, Rosa and Arheiam, Arheiam and Obiyan, Mary and Daryanavard, Hamideh",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women's empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018-2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (eta(2)) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children's oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children's oral health while empowering women.",
publisher = "BMC, LONDON",
journal = "BMC Oral Health",
title = "Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries",
volume = "20",
number = "1",
doi = "10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5"
}

Folayan, M. O., El Tantawi, M., Vuković, A., Schroth, R. J., Gaffar, B., Al-Batayneh, O. B., Amalia, R., Arheiam, A., Obiyan, M.,& Daryanavard, H.. (2020). Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries. in BMC Oral Health
BMC, LONDON., 20(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5

Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Vuković A, Schroth RJ, Gaffar B, Al-Batayneh OB, Amalia R, Arheiam A, Obiyan M, Daryanavard H. Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries. in BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1).
doi:10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5 .

Folayan, Morenike O., El Tantawi, Maha, Vuković, Ana, Schroth, Robert J., Gaffar, Balgis, Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Amalia, Rosa, Arheiam, Arheiam, Obiyan, Mary, Daryanavard, Hamideh, "Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries" in BMC Oral Health, 20, no. 1 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - El Tantawi, Maha
AU  - Folayan, Morenike O.
AU  - Mehaina, Mohamed
AU  - Vuković, Ana
AU  - Castillo, Jorge L.
AU  - Gaffar, Balgis
AU  - Arheiam, Arheiam
AU  - Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
AU  - Kemoli, Arthur
AU  - Schroth, Robert J.
AU  - Lee, Gillian H. M.
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://smile.stomf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2325
AB  - Objectives. To assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence. Methods. We estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries from studies published between 2007 and 2017. We obtained other variables from the World Health Organization and the World Bank databases. We assessed association with ECC data availability by using logistic regression and with ECC prevalence by using linear regression. Results. We included 190 publications from 88 (45.6%) countries. The mean ECC prevalence was 23.8% and 57.3% in children younger than 36 months and children aged 36 to 71 months, respectively. The odds of ECC data availability were significantly higher for countries with more physicians and more dentists. In children younger than 36 months, ECC prevalence was associated with universal health coverage (B =-6.56). In children aged 36 to 71 months, it was associated with growth of gross national income (B = 0.27). Conclusions. Countries with more physicians and more dentists were more likely to have ECC data. Among those with data, countries with higher economic growth had higher ECC prevalence.
PB  - Amer Public Health Assoc Inc, Washington
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
T1  - Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 93 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017
VL  - 108
IS  - 8
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1072
DO  - 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466
ER  - 

@article{
author = "El Tantawi, Maha and Folayan, Morenike O. and Mehaina, Mohamed and Vuković, Ana and Castillo, Jorge L. and Gaffar, Balgis and Arheiam, Arheiam and Al-Batayneh, Ola B. and Kemoli, Arthur and Schroth, Robert J. and Lee, Gillian H. M.",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Objectives. To assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence. Methods. We estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries from studies published between 2007 and 2017. We obtained other variables from the World Health Organization and the World Bank databases. We assessed association with ECC data availability by using logistic regression and with ECC prevalence by using linear regression. Results. We included 190 publications from 88 (45.6%) countries. The mean ECC prevalence was 23.8% and 57.3% in children younger than 36 months and children aged 36 to 71 months, respectively. The odds of ECC data availability were significantly higher for countries with more physicians and more dentists. In children younger than 36 months, ECC prevalence was associated with universal health coverage (B =-6.56). In children aged 36 to 71 months, it was associated with growth of gross national income (B = 0.27). Conclusions. Countries with more physicians and more dentists were more likely to have ECC data. Among those with data, countries with higher economic growth had higher ECC prevalence.",
publisher = "Amer Public Health Assoc Inc, Washington",
journal = "American Journal of Public Health",
title = "Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 93 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017",
volume = "108",
number = "8",
pages = "1066-1072",
doi = "10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466"
}

El Tantawi, M., Folayan, M. O., Mehaina, M., Vuković, A., Castillo, J. L., Gaffar, B., Arheiam, A., Al-Batayneh, O. B., Kemoli, A., Schroth, R. J.,& Lee, G. H. M.. (2018). Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 93 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017. in American Journal of Public Health
Amer Public Health Assoc Inc, Washington., 108(8), 1066-1072.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466

El Tantawi M, Folayan MO, Mehaina M, Vuković A, Castillo JL, Gaffar B, Arheiam A, Al-Batayneh OB, Kemoli A, Schroth RJ, Lee GHM. Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 93 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017. in American Journal of Public Health. 2018;108(8):1066-1072.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466 .

El Tantawi, Maha, Folayan, Morenike O., Mehaina, Mohamed, Vuković, Ana, Castillo, Jorge L., Gaffar, Balgis, Arheiam, Arheiam, Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Kemoli, Arthur, Schroth, Robert J., Lee, Gillian H. M., "Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 93 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017" in American Journal of Public Health, 108, no. 8 (2018):1066-1072,
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304466 . .