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Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) and chemokines (IL-8 and MIP-1 alpha as markers of pen-implant tissue condition
(Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 2010)
Analysis of pen-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) offers a non-invasive means of studying the host response in pen-implant disease and may provide an early indication of patients at risk for active disease. This study examined ...
Mandibular nerve block at the oval foramen using reliable landmarks: refinement of a previously described procedure
(Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 2002)
The aim of this study was to improve the injection technique when blocking the mandibular nerve at the oval foramen by using consistent landmarks. The lower lateral orbital angle (LLOA) and the junction of the external ...
Anatomical study of the pterygopalatine fossa pertinent to the maxillary nerve block at the foramen rotundum
(Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 2010)
The anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa pertinent to the technique of maxillary nerve block at the foramen rotundum was investigated and the ability of inexperienced surgeons to apply the required angles of the injection ...