The prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in the military population of the Republic of Serbia

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cra- niomandibular dysfunction (CMD) in the military personel of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the distribution of sings and symptoms of CMD in this population group. Material and methods. The epidemiological investigation included 284 male persons between 18-25 years of age. The sample consisted of Military Academy students, and soldiers from different regions of the Republic of Serbia. A questionnaire was designed using Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index and sings and symptoms of CMD were evaluated, namely the anamnestic index (Ai) and the dysfunction index (Di). Results. According to the anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai), 85% of persons among the examined group presented without any symptoms of CMD (Ai=0), 14% had mild symptoms (Ai =1) and 1% had severe symptoms of CMD (Ai=5). Functional analysis of the orofacial system in the examined group (evaluation of dysfunction index - Di) revealed, however, that 70% of solders had at least one sign of CMD, precisely a dysfunction index Di>0. The analysis of signs and symptoms of CMD revealed that disturbances in mandibular kinematics were the most prevalent sign of CMD in this population group, which was confirmed in 56% of examined persons. Disturbed functions of temporomandibular (TM) joints (click, and reciprocal click, deviation and deflection during mandibular opening) were established in 31% of examined persons, and sensitivity of TM joints and masticatory muscles during palpation in 4% of examined persons. Pain during mandibular movements was established only in 1% of examined persons. Conclusion. The results of this investigation point to significant prevalence of Craniomandibular disorders in the examined population group. The incidence of TMJ and masticaory muscle pain in 4% of examined persons and of pain during mandibular movements only in 1% of examined persons, points to presence of mild or initial types of CMD in this population group.

Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi učestalost kraniomandibularnih disfunkcija kod vojnih obveznika na teritoriji R. Srbije kao i zastupljenost pojedinih znakova i simptoma kraniomandibularne disfunkcije u ovoj popularnoj grupi. Epidemiološka istraživanja su obuhvatila grupu od 284 osobe muškog pola (pitomci vojne akademije i vojni obveznici iz različitih regiona Republike Srbije uzrasta 18-25 godina). Za potrebe ovih istraživanja korišćen je upitnik odnosno anamnestički indeks i indeks disfunkcije prema Helkimu istraživanja su pokazala da 85% ispitanika u anamnezi ne navodi bilo kakve simptome kraniomandibularnih disfunkcija (anamnesticilni indeks=0) 14% navodi postojale blagih simptoma (anamnesticilm indeks=1) dok 1% navodi izrazite simptome ovih poremećaja (anamnestički indeks=5). Funkcijska analiza orofacijalnog sistema (vrednovanje indesa disfunkcije indeks disfunkcije)ukazuje, međutim, da 70% vojnih obveznika ima bar neki znak kraniomandibularne disfunkcije odnosno indeks disfunkcije (indeks disfunkcije veći od nule). Analizom pojedinih znakova i simptoma kraniomandibularne disfunkcije utvrđeno je da je poremećena pokretljivost donje vilice najzastupljeniji znak kraniomandibularne disfunkcije u ovoj populacionoj grupi utvrđen kod 56% ispitanika. Poremećaji u funkcionisanju temporomandibularnih zglobova (zvučni signali, devijacije, defleksije mandibule pri otvaranju usta utvrđeni su kod 31% ispitanika, a palpatorna osetljivost temporomandibularnog zgloba, mastikatornih mišića kod 4% ispitanika. Bolne senzacije pri kretnjama donje vilice utvrđene su kod 1% ispitanika. Istraživanja ukazuju na značajnu učestalost kraniomandibularne disfunkcije u ispitivanoj populacionoj grupi. Činjenice da se palpatorna osetljivost temporomandibularnog zgloba mastikatornih mišića sreće samo kod 4% ispitanika a bolna osetljivost samo kod 1% ispitanika ukazuju da se radi o blagim odnosno početnim oblicima kraniomandibularnih disfunkcija.