Effectiveness of dexamethasone and low-power laser in minimizing oedema after third molar surgery: a clinical trial

Abstract

Postoperative oedema is common following removal of impacted lower third molars. Several types of drug therapy (corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, enzymes) have been tried. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of low-power laser (LPL) and dexamethasone after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars under local anaesthesia (2% lidocaine/epinephrine). Material and methods. There were 120 healthy patients divided into four groups of 30 each. Group I received LPL irradiation immediately after operation (energy output 4 J/cm(2) with constant power density of 50 mW, wavelength 637 nm); group 2 also received i.m. injection of 4 mg dexamethasone (Dexason(R)) into the internal pterygoid muscle; group 3 received LPL irradiation supplemented by systemic dexamethasone (Dexason(R)), 4 mg i.m. in the deltoid region, followed by 4 mg of dexamethasone intraorally 6 h postoperatively; and the fourth (control) group received only the usual postoperative recommendations (cold packs, soft diet, etc.). Results. LPL irradiation with local use of dexamethasone (group 2) resulted in a statistically significant reduction of postoperative oedema in comparison to the other groups. No adverse effects of the procedure or medication were observed. Conclusion. LPL irradiation after lower third molar surgery can be recommended to minimize swelling. The effect is enhanced by simultaneous local intramuscular use of dexamethasone.