Microbial etiology of periodontal disease: Mini review

Abstract

The periodontal disease is a chronic, degenerative disease which is localised on the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The main etiological factor is oral biofilm with microorganisms. The search for the pathogens of periodontal diseases has been underway for more than 100 years, and continues up today. The currently recognized key Gram negative periodontopathogens include: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga species, Campylobacter rectus.All bacteria in the periodontal pocket could damage periodontal tissues, and good knowledge of these as well as an adequate treatment could be helpful in treatment of this disease. A full understanding of the microbial factors, their pathogenicity as well as host factors are of the essential importance for pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this way, it could be possible to treat the periodontal patients adequately.

Parodontopatija predstavlja hroničnu, destruktivnu bolest, koja zahvata čitav potporni aparat zuba (gingiva, cement, alveolarna kost i periodoncijum). Glavni etiološki faktor u nastanku ovog oboljenja je oralni biofilm sa mikroorganizmima. Poslednjih 100 godina istraživači ispituju sastav mikrobiološke flore parodontalnog džepa. Do danas ključni Gram negativni periodontopatogeni su: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga species, Campylobacter rectus. Sve prisutne bakterije u parodontalnom džepu mogu oštetiti parodontalna tkiva, i dobro poznavanje mikroorganizama omogućava i adekvatan tretman parodontopatije. Potpuno poznavanje mikroroganizama, njihove patogenosti, kao i poznavanje odgovora domaćina su osnovni za razumevanje patogeneze parodontopatije. ovo bi omogućilo i lečenje pacijenata sa parodontopatijom na odgovarajući način.