X-ray craniometric and x-ray cephalometric determination of angular parameters in German shepherd dogs

Abstract

Analyses of the viscerocranial parameters in dogs has been avoided due to inconsistencies in defining the reference points for linear and angular measurements. In our study we classified the elements which refer to the balance of skeletal structures and teeth in relation to other osseous elements. By X-ray-photoimaging spatial relations within the osseous system of the head of German Shepherd dogs angular parameters (gonial angle Go, the angles Iv, SNA, SNB, ANB and NSBa) were constructed. Sagittal positions or inclinations of the upper and lower incisors were determined by angles C and D and their relationship was determined by the interincisal angle E. The position of the upper and lower eyeteeth in relation to the basic plane of the maxilla and mandible was determined by the numerical values of angles F and G. The opportunity to define the type of growth, and the changes between the face and the skull base, was provided by constructing the following angles of the polygon, as well as by the exact determination of their individual and total values: lt SarGo, lt NSAr, lt ArGoIv, lt GoIvMe.

Telerendgenske analize viscerokranijalnih parametara su izbegavane usled toga što referentne tačke za linearna i angularna merenja nisu bile definisane. U našem radu, klasifikovani su elementi koji se odnose na ravnotežu skeletnih struktura i zuba u odnosu na ostale kostne anatomske entitete glave. Prostorni odnosi na kostnom sistemu glave pasa rase nemački ovčar, utvrđeni su konstrukcijom i numeričkim određivanjem najznačajnijih uglovnih parametara: gonijalni ugao Go, uglovi Iv, SNA, SNB, ANB, NSBa. Sagitalni položaji ili nagibi gornjih i donjih sekutić a određeni su preko uglova C i D, a odnos između ova dva parametra konstrukcijom interincizalnog ugla E. Položaj gornjih i donjih očnjaka u odnosu na osnovnu ravan maksile i mandibule determinisan je egzaktnim numeričkim vrednostima uglova F i G. Definisanje tipa rasta lica i promene odnosa lica i baze lobanje omogućeno je formiranjem sledećih uglova poligona, kao i egzaktnim određivanjem njihovih pojedinačnih i zbirnih vrednosti: lt SarGo, lt NSAr, lt Ar- GoIv, lt GoIvMe.