Hygiene, habits and public health

Abstract

Hygiene habits are very important for public health. The man is constantly exposed to unfavorable health habits, which leads to fatigue and exhaust of adoptive mechanisms, that weeks defensive capabilities of organism, leads to disturbance of equilibrium between man and his environment and so disease begins. The aim of the study is to comprehend hygiene habits of Serbian population related to territory, type of settlement, sex, age, education and wealthy state. Data of inquiry held by Institute for public health of Serbia in 2000. and 2006. are analyzed. Results of the analysis showed that personal hygiene habits are not satisfactory. Only 75,7% of school children wash their hands regularly, 61,9% shower themselves several times a week, 56,7% brush their teeth several times a day. This is worse in adult population - about 74% wash their hands regularly, 57% shower themselves regularly, and only about 41% brush their teeth. This is significantly better in urban population than in rural, women than men, more educated and richer population. Before meal 88% wash hands, after toilet 90,7%, and after entering the house only 69,6%. Habit of teeth brushing is the least presented - several times a day only 15% inhabitants, and 7,6% don't brush their teeth at all. Habits of teeth brushing are very different related to age - 20,6% of primary school children never brushes their teeth or only periodically, the same does about 12% of high school children, in population from 20 - 34 years only 11,3%, and after 65 years 43,7%. The habit of bathing isn't any better. Only 49,6% bath every day, and 4 - 6 times a week 12,9%. All these habits are significantly better in women than men.

Navike su veoma značajne za zdravlje stanovništva. Čovek je neprekidno izložen delovanju nepovoljnih navika po zdravlje, što za sobom povlači zamaranje i iscrpljivanje adaptivnih mehanizama, što slabi odbrambene sposobnosti organizma i dolazi do poremećaja ravnoteže između čoveka i njegove okoline i nastaje bolest. Cilj rada jeste da se sagledaju higijenske navike stanovništva po teritorijalnim delovima Srbije, tipu naselja, polu, uzrastu, obrazovnom nivou i imućnom stanju. U tom cilju su analizirani rezultati obimnog anketnog istraživanja koje je sproveo Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije 2000. i 2006. godine. Rezultati analize pokazali su da navike iz oblasti lične higijene nisu izgrađene na zadovoljavajućem nivou. Tako samo 75,7% školske dece redovno pere ruke, 61,9% se tušira više puta nedeljno, a 56,7% pere zube više puta dnevno. Ovo je nešto lošije kod odraslog stanovništva - oko 74% redovno pere ruke, oko 57% se redovno kupa, a samo oko 41% pere zube. Sve je ovo znatno bolje kod gradskog stanovništva nego kod seoskog, kod žena nego kod muškaraca, kod obrazovanijeg i imućnijeg stanovništva. Pre jela ruke pere 88%, posle upotrebe WC-a 90,7%, a po ulasku u kuću samo 69,6% ispitanika. Navika pranja zuba je najmanje izgrađena - više puta dnevno pere zube samo oko 15% stanovnika, a uopšte ne pere 7,6% ljudi. Navika pranja zuba je veoma različita po uzrastu - zube ne pere ili ih pere samo povremeno 20,6% dece osnovnih škola, oko 12% srednjoškolaca, u uzrastu od 20 do 34 godine samo 11,3%, i posle 65-te godine 43,7% ljudi. Ni navika kupanja nije bolje izgrađena - svaki dan se kupa samo 46,9% stanovnika, a četiri do šest puta nedeljno 12,9% ljudi. Sve ove navike znatno su bolje kod žena nego kod muškaraca.