Potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2

Abstract

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 among diabetic individuals and to compare the presence of risk factors among diabetic individuals with and without positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Material and methods This study was conducted in Cuprija during the period from February to June 2002. The case group included 137 individuals having diagnosis type 2 diabetes. The control group included 129 subjects having the following diagnoses: hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. All participants were interviewed at the Medical Center Cuprija using structural questionnaire. The data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, exposure to various chemical and physical agents, stress, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes. In the statistical analysis chi square test was used. Results The diabetic individuals were statistically significantly older (40 and more years old) (p=0,000), and they came from rural areas more frequently (p=0,006) than the individuals without diabetes. Significantly more diabetics had lower educational level (p=0,000) and they were agriculture workers and housewives significantly more frequently (p=0,000) than nondiabetic individuals. Furthermore, obesity (p=0,000) and physical inactivity (p=0,003) were significantly more frequent among the diabetic individuals than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals had significanly (p=0,000) more numbers of relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2 than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals with positive family history of diabetes were significantly older (p=0,021) and more frequently from urban areas (p=0,018) than the diabetic individuals without the positive family history of diabetes. Also they were significantly less exposed to physical agents (p=0,004). Discussion In our study, like in many others, age, place of residence, education, occupation, obesity, physical inactivity, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and exposure to physical agents were identified as potential risk factors for diabetes type 2. Conclusion Different risk factors are probably responsible for developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with and without positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

Dijabetes tipa 2 jeste bolest koja nastaje kao rezultat interakcije genetičkih faktora i faktora sredine. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispitaju faktori rizika koji utiču na nastajanje dijabetesa tipa 2 u populaciji Pomoravskog okruga, kao i da se analizira da li postoji razlika u faktorima rizika obolelih od dijabetesa bez pozitivne porodične anamneze i onih sa njom. U studiju je bilo uključeno 266 osoba iz Pomoravskog okruga, od kojih je 137 njih bilo sa dijabetesom melitusom tipa 2 i 129 sa nekim drugim oboljenjem (hipertenzija, angina pektoris, hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća, čir želuca ili čir dvanaestopalačnog creva). Osobe sa dijabetesom, u poređenju sa osobama bez dijabetesa, znatno su češće bile: starijeg uzrasta (40 i više godina starosti) (p=0,000), iz ruralne sredine (p=0,006), nižeg stepena obrazovanja (p=0,000), poljoprivrednici i domaćice (p=0,000), gojazne (p=0,000) i fizički neaktivne osobe (p=0,003) , a imale su i veći broj srodnika sa dijabetesom melitusom tipa 2 (p=0,000). Oboleli od dijabetesa sa pozitivnom porodičnom anamnezom za ovo oboljenje znatno su češće bile, starijeg uzrasta (p=0,021) i iz urbane sredine (p=0,018) od onih bez pozitivne porodične anamneze za dijabetes. Međutim, oboleli od dijabetesa bez pozitivne porodične anamneze za dijabetes znatno su češće (p=0,004) bili izloženi fizičkim agensima od onih koji su imali pozitivnu porodičnu anamnezu za ovo oboljenje.