Periodontal status in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in relations to glycosylated hemoglobin level and the level of oral hygiene

Abstract

Introduction. It has been known that periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in patients having diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and the level of oral hygiene on periodontal status of patients suffering from DM. Material and Methods. The research included 50 people with type 2 DM randomly selected. Based on values of HbA1c, patients were divided into two groups: well controlled DM (HbA1c≤8.5%) and poorly controlled DM (HbA1c>8.5%). Patients with poorly and well controlled DM were further grouped into subgroups depending on the level of oral hygiene. For each patient, during the clinical examination, periodontal parameters were determined: plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), the level of junctional epithelium (LJE) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD). Results. The results showed that patients with well controlled disease and good oral hygiene had lower values of the examined periodontal parameters (SBI and PPD) then patients with poorly controlled DM and worse oral hygiene (p lt 0.01 for SBI, p lt 0.05 for PPD). Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the important role of oral hygiene for periodontal status of patients with DM.

Uvod. Parodontopatija je jedno od najčešćih oboljenja oralne regije kod osoba obolelih od dijabetes melitusa (DM). Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj nivoa glikoziliranog hemoglobina (HbA1c) i stepena oralne higijene na stanje parodoncijuma bolesnika sa DM. Materijal i metode rada. Ispitano je 50 osoba sa DM tip 2 koje su odabrane metodom slučajnog uzorka. Na osnovu vrednosti HbA1c, ispitanici su svrstani u dve grupe: prvu grupu su činili bolesnici koji su dobro kontrolisali DM (HbA1c≤8,5%), a drugu bolesnici s loše kontrolisanim DM (HbA1c>8,5%). Ispitanici dve grupe su dalje podeljeni u podgrupe u zavisnosti od stepena oralne higijene. Svakom bolesniku su prilikom kliničkog pregleda određene vrednosti parodontalnih parametara: plak-indeksa (PI), indeksa krvarenja gingive (IKG), nivoa pripojnog epitela (NPE) i dubine parodontalnog džepa (DPDŽ). Rezultati. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su kod bolesnika sa dobro kontrolisanim oboljenjem i dobrom oralnom higijenom vrednosti ispitivanih parodontalnih parametara (IKG i NPE) niže nego kod bolesnika s loše kontrolisanim DM i lošijom oralnom higijenom (p lt 0,01 za IKG; p lt 0,05 za NPE). Zaključak. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na značajnu ulogu oralne higijene na stanje parodoncijuma osoba sa DM.