The state of oral health in children at the age of 12 in Montenegro

Abstract

Background/Aim. Oral health is very important for the function and the quality of human life. The aim of this study was to determine the spread of caries on the permanent teeth, the state of health of the periodontium and the state of oral hygiene in the children at the age of 12 in Montenegro. Methods. The research was carried out within 2006 and included 455 primary school pupils of both sex, the age of 12 in the northern, midlle and southern area of Montenegro. The parameters used to estimate oral health condition were: mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth due to caries (DMFT), Significant Caries Index (SiC), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), presence of sealants, and to estimate oral hygiene condition: Debris Index (Green-Vermillion) and Calculus Index (Green). A dental team clinically examined all the subjects in line with World Health Organization (WHO) methodology and criteria. All chosen children from the sample were checked by the standard dental diagnostic equipment (plane dental mirror, dental, standard CPITN periodontal probe) under the artificial light on the dry teeth, on the dental chair. Results. The average value of Index DMFT at 12-year-old in Montenegro was 3.43. On average, 88.35% of the examined children had dental caries. The SiC Index was 6.35. Among the examined children, 11.9% had at least one tooth with a fissure sealant. The healthy periodontium had 64% of the 12-year-old children. The average value of Debris Index was 1.086, and the average value of Calculus Index was 0.6508. Conclusion. Oral health condition in children at the age of 12 in Montenegro does not satisfy. Thus the importance of the modern preventive measures and programmes should be emphasized and applied through the system of primary oral protection and intensively promote oral health.

Uvod/Cilj. Oralno zdravlje je veoma važno za funkcionisanje i kvalitet života ljudi. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrđivanje rasprostranjenosti karijesa na stalnim zubima, stanja parodoncijuma i stanja oralne higijene kod dece uzrasta 12 godina u Crnoj Gori. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2006, a obuhvatilo je 455 učenika osnovnih škola, oba pola, uzrasta 12 godina u severnoj, srednjoj i južnoj regiji Crne Gore. Parametri korišćeni za procenu stanja oralnog zdravlja bili su indeksi prosečnog broja karijesnih, izvađenih i zuba plombiranih zbog karijesa (Mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth due to caries - DMFT), Significant Caries Index (SiC) i Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), a za procenu stanja oralne higijene indeks mekih naslaga prema Green-Vermillion-u i indeks zubnog kamenca prema Green-u. Jedan stomatolog klinički je pregledao sve ispitanike u skladu sa metodologijom i kriterijumima Svetske Zdravstvene Organizacije (SZO). Sva izabrana deca iz uzorka pregledana su standardnim stomatološkim dijagnostičkim sredstvima (stomatološko ogledalce, stomatološka sonda 0,4 mm i standardna parodontalna CPITN sonda) pri veštačkom osvetljenju na suvim zubima, na stomatološkoj stolici. Rezultati. Prosečna vrednost DMFT indeksa za 12- godišnjake iz Crne Gore iznosila je 3,43. Karijes je imalo prosečno 88,35% pregledane dece. Indeks SiC iznosio je 6,35. Među ispitanom decom 11,9% je imalo najmanje jedan zub sa prisutnim zalivačem fisura. Zdravi parodoncijum imalo je 64% 12-godišnjaka. Prosečna vrednost indeksa mekih naslaga iznosila je 1,086, a indeksa čvrstih naslaga 0,6508. Zaključak. Nakon ovih epidemioloških istraživanja zaključujemo da stanje oralnog zdravlja dece ovog uzrasta u Crnoj Gori nije zadovoljavajuće. Shodno tome, treba naglasiti značaj savremenih preventivnih mera i programa, implementirati ih kroz sistem primarne zdravstvene zaštite i intenzivno raditi na promociji oralnog zdravlja.