Dental health estimation for children age twelve and fifteen

Abstract

Introduction. The problem of chronic diseases such as caries is very complex because it appears very early in life, often during childhood. The number of involved people is growing as well as the number of affected teeth and surfaces that eventually lead to teeth loss. The aim of this study was to determine the dental status of adolescents age 12 and 15 in three municipalities in Bosnia, Foca, Cajnice and Kalinovik. Material and methods. The study included 506 school children both genders of six schools in three municipalities (Foca, Cajnice and Kalinovik). Teeth examination and criteria for diagnosis and coding were estimated based of criteria of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD). To estimate dental health DMFT index [number of carious teeth (D), missing (M) and filled teeth (F)] and related indices (Person Caries Index, Teeth Caries Index, Average Caries Index and DMFT structure) were used. Results. Dental health status and caries prevalence were presented through the values of the Average Caries Index. The value of Average Caries Index for examined children was 6.17. Of all examined children 96.05% of them had at least one carious tooth. The average value of Teeth Caries Index was 23.04%. Conclusion. Dental health of the children in the examined region was characterized by high values of untreated carious teeth as well as the other components of DMFT index. Therefore, preventive measures and primary dental care must be implemented better among school children.

Uvod. Problem hroničnih oboljenja, kao što je karijes, utoliko je složeniji jer se javlja relativno rano, još u dečjem uzrastu. Stalno obolevaju nove osobe, karijes zahvata nove zube, nove površine zuba i izaziva komplikacije koje na kraju dovode do gubitka zuba. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi stanje zdravlja zuba dece uzrasta od 12 i 15 godina koji žive na teritoriji opština Foča, Čajniče i Kalinovik i analizira dobijeno stanje prema vrsti obeležja. Materijal i metode rada. U istraživanje je uključeno 506 učenika oba pola iz šest osnovnih škola s područja opština Foča, Čajniče i Kalinovik. Pregled zuba je obavljen, kriterijumi za dijagnozu postavljeni, a stanje zdravlja zuba procenjeni na osnovu kriterijuma Evropske akademije za dečju stomatologiju (EAPD). Kao parametri procene korišćeni su indeksi prosečnog broja karijesnih (K), ekstrahovanih (E) i plombiranih (P) zuba i njima srodni indeksi (KIo, KIz, KIp, struktura KEP). Rezultati. Stanje zdravlja zuba i prevalencije karijesa predstavljeni su kroz vrednosti prosečnog karijes-indeksa. Prosečna vrednost karijes-indeksa kod ispitanih učenika bila je 6,17. Karijes je dijagnostikovan kod 96,05% pregledane dece. Srednja vrednost karijes-indeksa bila je 23,04%. Zaključak. Stanje zdravlja zuba ispitivane dece tri regiona odlikuju visoke vrednosti nesaniranog karijesa, ali i svih drugih obeležja KEP, što navodi na zaključak da se mere prevencije moraju efikasnije primenjivati, a primarna stomatološka zaštita bolje organizovati.