Oral health in children with hearing and speech impairment in Banjaluka

Abstract

Introduction. Children with hearing impairment do not understand speech without specific instructions and cannot meet daily life requirements. Children with hearing and speech impairment have higher DMFT index and poorer oral hygiene than healthy children of the same age. The aim of this study was to determine oral health status and the prevalence of dental caries in children attending The Center for Education and Rehabilitation of Speech and Hearing in Banjaluka. Material and Methods. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study and it included 66 children of both genders, age 3 to 18 years, with deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition. General information about the respondents, their socioeconomic status, dental hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits were obtained using a questionnaire. Dental examination was performed using a dental mirror, regular and proximal probe on the daylight, in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Oral examination included: number of present teeth, presence of caries, restorations, number of extracted teeth. These data was entered in each patient's dental record. The DMFT index was used for the assessment of dental status. Results. Results showed that the mean DMFT value in the total sample was 7.79. There was no significant difference in the DMFT index between genders (p=0.19). The significant difference was not found between children who live with parents and those who live in foster families (p=0.15). It was observed that the respondents from rural areas had higher DMFT index (8.68) than respondents from urban areas (5.83). The DMFT index increased with age and school age (p lt 0.001). Examined patients were most affected with dental caries (6.62%) and least affected with extracted teeth (0.38%). It was revealed that 6% of respondents do not brush their teeth, and 25.8% of respondents had never visited dentist. Conclusion. Children with hearing and speech impairment from Banjaluka have low level of oral health. The DMFT index, as one of the most important parameters of oral health in these children was much higher compared to European countries and other countries in the region.

Uvod. Deca sa oštećenim sluhom ne razumeju govor bez posebnih instrukcija, te ne mogu da odgovore na svakodnevne zahteve života. Vrednosti indeksa KEP su kod dece s oštećenim sluhom i govorom veće u poređenju sa zdravom decom istog uzrasta, a i lošije održavaju oralnu higijenu nego zdrava deca. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrde stanje zdravlja usta i zuba i prevalencija karijesa kod dece koja pohađaju Centar za obrazovanje i vaspitanje i rehabilitaciju govora i slušanja u Banjaluci. Materijal i metode rada. Istraživanje je izvedeno kao studija preseka, a obuhvatilo je 66 dece oba pola, uzrasta od tri godine do 18 godina, sa mlečnom, mešovitom i stalnom denticijom. Opšti podaci o ispitanicima, njihovom socioekonomskom statusu, navikama održavanja higijene zuba i učestalosti poseta stomatologu dobijeni su upitnikom. Stomatološki pregled je obavljen pomoću stomatološkog ogledalceta, stomatološke prave i aproksimalne sonde pri dnevnoj svetlost u skladu s uputstvom Svetske zdravstvene organizacije. Stomatološkim pregledom su utvrđeni: broj zuba, postojanje karijesa, postojanje ispuna i broj izvađenih zuba. Ovi podaci su upisani u stomatološke kartone svakog deteta. Za procenu stanja zuba korišćen je indeks KEP. Rezultati. Analiza dobijenih rezultata je pokazala da je srednja vrednost indeksa KEP u ukupnom uzorku bila 7,79. Razlika vrednosti indeksa KEP između polova nije bila statistički značajna (p=0,19), kao ni između dece koja žive s roditeljima i one koja su u hraniteljskim porodicama (p=0,15). Kod ispitanika iz ruralne sredine zabeležena je veća vrednost indeksa KEP (8,68) u odnosu na ispitanike koji žive u gradu (5,83). U pogledu uzrasta dece, utvrđeno je da se vrednost indeksa KEP povećavala sa godinama starosti i školskim uzrastom (p lt 0,001). Kod svih ispitanika bilo je najviše zuba zahvaćenih karijesom (6,62%), a najmanje izvađenih zuba (0,38%). Analizom odgovora iz upitnika utvrđeno je da 6% ispitanika uopšte ne pere zube, a da 25,8% ispitanika nikada nije bilo kod zubara. Zaključak. Deca s oštećenjem sluha i govora u Banjaluci vrlo su lošeg oralnog zdravlja. Indeks KEP, koji je jedan od najvažnijih parametara zdravlja usta i zuba, kod ove dece je mnogo viši u odnosu na decu iz ostalih evropskih zemalja, ali i iz zemalja u regionu.