Pulp vitality preservation after traumatic dental injuries to permanent teeth

Abstract

Introduction. The pulp vitality preservation after a trauma to permanent teeth is of great importance since dental injuries are common. The aim of our study was to investigate the pulp vitality preservation after tooth injuries. Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of records of patients with a trauma was performed. The sample consisted of all patients who had been referred to the Department of Dentistry of Vojvodina for a trauma to permanent teeth during the period 2005-2010. We recorded the type of injury, treatment, state of vitality during the first visit and subsequent check-ups. Results. The study included 162 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years having a trauma to 314 permanent teeth. The most frequent type of injuries in permanent teeth was fractures (54.5%), whereas luxation was a less common trauma (45.5%). Though different kinds of traumas have different optimal time for treatment, a period of 24 hours was taken as optimal; hence, 189 teeth were treated in optimal time and 55 complications occurred in them; while 105 complications occurred in 114 teeth which were treated 24 hours after the trauma. A year after the trauma the pulp vitality was preserved in 88 teeth (32%), pulp necrosis and other complications developed in 160 teeth (68%). Conclusion. The therapy of pulp vitality preservation in injured teeth was found successful in 32% and unsuccessful in 68% of cases at check-ups over one year.

Uvod. Očuvanje vitaliteta pulpe nakon traume stalnih zuba izuzetno je značajno, s obzirom da su povrede zuba česte. Gubitak vitaliteta pulpe povređenog zuba je osnov svih daljih komplikacija traumatskih povreda zuba. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita stepen očuvanja vitaliteta pulpe nakon povrede stalnih zuba. Materijal i metode. Izvršena je retrospektivna analiza kartona traume pacijenata. Uzorak se sastojao iz svih slučajeva sa traumom stalnih zuba upućenih na Kliniku za stomatologiju Vojvodine, u vremenskom periodu 2005-2010. godine. Beležena je vrsta povrede, tretman, stanje vitaliteta na prvom i kontrolnim pregledima. Rezultati. U istraživanje je uključeno 162 dece i adolescenata uzrasta 6-18 godina, sa traumom na 314 stalnih zuba. Najzastupljeniji tip povreda kod stalnih zuba bile su frakture (54,5%). Ređe su bile zastupljene luksacije (45,5%). Iako je kod različitih vrsta trauma optimalno vreme za tretman različito, mi smo uzeli period od 24 h kao optimalan. U optimalnom vremenu tretirano je 189 zuba, od kojih se javilo 55 komplikacija, a 115 zuba tretirano je posle 24 h od traume, gde se javilo 105 komplikacija. Godinu dana nakon traume, vitalitet pulpe je očuvan kod 88 zuba (32%), nekroza pulpe i komplikacije razvile su se kod 160 zuba (68%). Zaključak. Terapija očuvanja vitaliteta pulpe kod povreda zuba u kontrolnom periodu od godinu dana uspešna je u 32%, a neuspešna u 68% slučajeva.