Traumatic dental injuries in Serbian children: Epidemiological study

Abstract

Introduction. Comprehensive epidemiological data regarding factors associated with traumatic dental injuries are scarce. Objective. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency and analyze the factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in Serbian children. Methods. Research included children and adolescents with traumatic dental injury aged 0-19 year during the period from 2003 to 2010, in four University Dental Centres in Serbia: Belgrade, Nis, Novi Sad and Kragujevac. Patient history, demographic, clinical and radiographic data were obtained from dental trauma forms. Results. Total of 2,194 patients (748 girls, 1,446 boys) (χ2=222.1; p lt 0.01) with 3,077 injured teeth in permanent and 953 in primary dentition were observed. Most of patients were aged 7 to 12 years (n=1,191). The most frequent injuries in primary and permanent dentition were dislocations (87.4%) and teeth fractures (50.8%), respectively (χ2=706.1; p lt 0.01). The most frequent mechanism of injury was fall in children aged 0 to 12 years, while the collisions were most frequent in adolescents (53.9%). The most frequent injuries in adolescents were inflicted outdoor (66.8%), while the injuries in children aged 0 to 3 years occurred at home (68.2%), (χ2=360.8; p lt 0.01). The most frequent injuries in girls were accidental (48.3%), and in boys these were sport injuries (20.4%) and violence (10.4%) (χ2=79.9; p lt 0.01). The most frequent cause of injury in children aged 0 to 3 years was accidental (75.6%), while in adolescents it was sport (34.1%) (χ2=1102.7; p lt 0.01). Conclusion. Dental injuries in preschool children most frequently resulted from fall at home. Schoolchildren most frequently injured teeth outdoor during play. Violence and sport injuries were most frequent cause of injury in adolescents.

Uvod. Uprkos sve većem zdravstvenom značaju, sveobuhvatni podaci o povredama zuba su oskudni u našem regionu i svetskoj literaturi. Cilj rada. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi učestalost i analiziraju povrede zuba kod dece u Srbiji u odnosu na pol i uzrast povređenih ispitanika, denticiju povređenih zuba, vrstu povrede i uzrok, mesto i mehanizam povređivanja. Metode rada. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo pacijente s povredom zuba uzrasta do 19 godina koji su lečeni u periodu 2003-2010. godine u četiri univerzitetske stomatološke ustanove u Srbiji: Beogradu, Nišu, Novom Sadu i Kragujevcu. Podaci su dobijeni analizom stomatoloških i kartona povreda. Rezultati. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 2.194 ispitanika (748 devojčica, 1.446 dečaka) (χ2=222,1; p lt 0,01) s povredom 3.077 stalnih i 953 mlečna zuba. Najveći broj ispitanika (1.191) bio je uzrasta od sedam do dvanaest godina. Najčešće povrede u mlečnoj denticiji bile su povrede potpornog aparata (87,4%), a u stalnoj povrede čvrstih zubnih tkiva (50,8%) (χ2=706,1; p lt 0,01). Pad je bio najčešći mehanizam povređivanja dece uzrasta do 12 godina, dok su kod adolescenata najčešći bili udarci (53,9%). Povrede zadobijene kod kuće bile su tipične za decu uzrasta do tri godine (68,2%), dok su kod adolescenata češće bile povrede zadobijene van doma (66,8%) (χ2=360,8; p lt 0,01). Devojčice su se češće povređivale usled nezgode (48,3%), a dečaci usled bavljenja sportom (20,4%) ili nasilno (10,4%) (χ2=79,9; p lt 0,01). Kod dece uzrasta do tri godine najveći broj povreda zuba bio je posledica nezgode (75,6%), a kod adolescenata sportska povreda (34,1%) (χ2=1102,7; p lt 0,01). Zaključak. Deca predškolskog uzrasta su najčešće povređivala zube padom u kući. Kod dece uzrasta do 12 godina najčešći uzrok povrede bio je pad van kuće, na ulici ili igralištu. Kod adolescenata povrede zuba su bile češće kod dečaka, kao posledica nasilja ili tokom bavljenja sportom.