Denture stomatitis and salivary vascular endothelial growth factor in immediate complete denture wearers with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Statement of problem. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with a variety of oral mucosal changes, including an altered level of salivary vascular endothelial growth factor. However, the authors identified no studies concerning denture stomatitis and salivary vascular endothelial growth factor in immediate denture wearers with diabetes mellitus type 2. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for denture stomatitis in immediate complete denture wearers with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 and to investigate the relationship between levels of salivary vascular endothelial growth factor and clinical forms of denture stomatitis in both groups. Material and methods. Individuals without diabetes (n=42) or with diabetes mellitus type 2 (n=36) who were candidates for complete immediate dentures were included in the study. After 1 year of wearing relined immediate dentures, participants were evaluated for denture stomatitis and potential contributing factors. Salivary vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data were analyzed with the chi(2) test or the Student t test where appropriate, as well as with binary logistic regression analysis. Results. The incidence of denture stomatitis was 61% in participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 and 38% in those without diabetes. Low denture stability and diabetes mellitus type 2 were risk factors for denture stomatitis. Salivary vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations at the beginning of the study were 557.6 +/- 94.7 pg/mL in participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 and 103.5 +/- 21.6 pg/mL in those without diabetes. In Newton Type I and Newton Type II denture stomatitis, vascular endothelial growth factor levels were 460.9 +/- 55.4 pg/mL and 1445.2 +/- 422.1 pg/mL in individuals with diabetes and 73.2 +/- 10.0 pg/mL and 306.5 +/- 22.6 pg/mL in those without diabetes. Conclusions. Perceived denture stability and diabetes mellitus type 2 are independent risk factors for the occurrence of denture stomatitis. Altered salivary vascular endothelial growth factor levels and denture stomatitis are more prevalent in denture wearers with diabetes mellitus type 2.