Prevalence of dental caries in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Background/Aim. It is considered that over 450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder. Previous studies in other countries have shown that schizophrenia is among the most frequent. Oral health is significant for general health and should not be separated from mental health. Studies in other countries have shown an increased incidence of carious and extracted teeth, and less incidence of filled teeth in this group of psychiatric patients. The aim of this study was to establish condition of the existing teeth, to determine the prevalence of caries and to consider possible risk factors that contribute to the current oral health status of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods. The study comprised 190 patients with schizophrenia, hospitalized at the Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders 'Dr. Laza Lazarević' in Belgrade, and 190 mentally healthy patients at the Clinic for Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine in Belgrade. The decayed, missing, filled (DMF) index, sociodemographic and economic characteristics were registered in both groups, as well as characteristics of the primary disease of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Results. The value of DMF index (representing the sum of carious, extracted and filled teeth), in the hospitalized patients with schizophrenia was 18.57 ± 7.07 and 12.47 ± 5.64 in the healthy group (p = 0.000). The structure of the DMF index in the study group showed that caries and extracted teeth dominated with 88.1%; in the control group, filled teeth dominated with 55.6%, which was a statistically significant difference for all the three observed variables. Conclusion. Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia had twice as many caries and extracted teeth, and five time less filled teeth than healthy people. The patient's age and taking antiparkinsonics were established as predictors of the increased DMF index in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Uvod/Cilj. Smatra se da preko 450 miliona ljudi širom sveta pati od nekog oblika mentalnog poremećaja, a istraživanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su da je shizofrenija među najzastupljenijima. Oralno zdravlje zauzima značajno mesto u celokupnom zdravlju čoveka i ne treba ga razdvajati od mentalnog zdravlja. Istraživanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su povećanu zastupljenost karijesnih i izvađenih zuba, a manje plombiranih zuba kod ove grupe psihijatrijskih bolesnika. Cilj studije bio je da se istraži stanje prisutnih zuba, odredi prevalencija karijesa i ispitaju mogući faktori rizika koji doprinose postojećem stanju oralnog zdravlja kod bolesnika hospitalizovanih zbog shizofrenije. Metode. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 190 bolesnika sa shizofrenijom, hospitalizovanih na Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti 'Dr Laza Lazarević' u Beogradu i 190 mentalno zdravih ispitanika, pacijenata Klinike za parodontologiju i oralnu medicinu Stomatološkog fakulteta u Beogradu. Ispitanicima obe grupe registrovane su vrednosti KEP indeksa, sociodemografske i ekonomske karakteristike, a bolesnicima hospitalizovanim zbog shizofrenije i karakteristike primarne bolesti. Rezultati. Vrednost KEP indeksa kod bolesnika hospitalizovanih zbog shizofrenije iznosila je 18,57 ± 7,07, a kod zdravih osoba 12,47 ± 5,64 (p = 0,000). U strukturi indeksa koji pokazuje zbir brojeva karioznih, ekstrahovanih i plombiranih zuba (KEP) kod bolesnika sa shizofrenijom, dominirali su karijesni i ekstrahovani zubi - 88,1%, a u kontrolnoj grupi plombirani zubi - 55,6%, što je bila statistički značajna razlika za sve tri posmatrane varijable. Zaključak. Bolesnici hospitalizovani zbog shizofrenije imali su dvostruko više karijesnih i izvađenih zuba, a pet puta manje plombiranih zuba od zdravih osoba. Kao prediktori povećanog KEP indeksa kod bolesnika hospitalizovanih zbog shizofrenije ustanovljeni su starost ispitanika i korišćenje antiparkinsonika.