Effects of a low-Shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on curing efficiency and mechanical properties of experimental resin-based composites

Abstract

This study investigated the degree of conversion, depth of cure, Vickers hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus and volumetric shrinkage of experimental composite containing a low shrinkage monomer FIT-852 (FIT; Esstech Inc.) and photoinitiator 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (TPO; Sigma Aldrich) compared to conventional composite containing Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and camphorquinone-amine photoinitiator system. The degree of conversion was generally higher in FIT-based composites (45-64% range) than in BisGMA-based composites (34-58% range). Vickers hardness, flexural strength and modulus were higher in BisGMA-based composites. A polywave light-curing unit was generally more efficient in terms of conversion and hardness of experimental composites than a monowave unit. FIT-based composite containing TPO showed the depth of cure below 2 mm irrespective of the curing light. The depth of cure of FIT-based composite containing CQ and BisGMA-based composites with either photoinitiator was in the range of 2.8-3.0 mm. Volumetric shrinkage of FIT-based composite (0.9-5.7% range) was lower than that of BisGMA-based composite (2.2-12% range). FIT may be used as a shrinkage reducing monomer compatible with the conventional CQ-amine system as well as the alternative TPO photoinitiator. However, the depth of cure of FIT_TPO composite requires boosting to achieve clinically recommended thickness of 2 mm.