Scaffold in bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Treatment of bone tissue injuries and diseases is still a great challenge for surgeons, but also for researchers who work with materials. Today stem cells are commonly used in bone tissue engineering. However, advances in biocompatible materials design, especially biodegradable porous structure (scaffold) is gaining an important role in the treatment of diseased bone tissue. The basic advantage of these carriers is specifically designed scaffold with defined porosity and pore structure that is favourable for cells settlement. Scaffolds are most commonly used as ceramic brackets because they have excellent characteristics in biodegradation and bioactivity. The process of scaffold production is important because the appropriate technology must ensure control of liquids and reproducibility of scaffold production through standardized process. The aim of this study was to present some of different procedures of scaffold production in bone tissue engineering and point out the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

Terapija i lečenje brojnih povreda i oboljenja koštanog tkiva je još uvek veliki izazov za hirurge, ali i za one istraživače koji se bave materijalima. Na polju inženjerstva koštanog tkiva danas se najčešće koriste matične ćelije. Međutim, napredak u dizajniranju biokompatibilnih materijala, a posebno biodegradibilnih poroznih struktura (skafolda) sve više dobija vrlo značajnu ulogu u lečenju obolelih koštanih tkiva. Specifično dizajnirani skafoldi sa definisanom poroznošću i strukturom pora koja je povoljna za naseljavanje ćelija osnovna je prednost ovih nosača. Skafoldi se najčešće koriste kao keramički nosači jer imaju izvanredne osobine vezane za biodegradaciju i jako izraženu bioaktivnost. Postupak izrade skafolda je vrlo važan jer se odgovarajućom tehnologijom mora obezbediti kontrola tečnosti i reproduktivnost izrade skafolda kroz standardizaciju procesa. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se predstave različiti metodološki postupci izrade skafolda u inženjerstvu koštanog tkiva i ukaže na određene prednosti i nedostatke tih metoda.