Efficiency of root canal cleaning using a single instrument with reciprocating motion systems and full rotation systems: SEM study

Abstract

Introduction Efficient cleaning and canal design present a basic precondition for successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using SEM analysis, the efficacy of cleaning the apical third of the canal with one instrument in both reciprocating motion and full rotation systems. Materials and methods Thirty (30) single-rooted teeth (upper incisors), extracted due to periodontal problems, were used and selected in 2 groups. In the group 1, instrumentation was done with a single instrument UNICONE with reciprocal movements (MEDIN, Czech Republic), while in the group 2, a single instrument XPS endo SHAPER (XPS) (FKG, Dentaire, Swiss) with full rotation was used. 2% solution of NaOCl and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation agents in both groups. SEM analysis of the smear layer in the apical third was done at standard magnification of 1000x and presented on a scale of 1-5. Results showed mostly clean canal walls and no smear layer in the apical region in both tested groups. Canal walls were somewhat cleaner after using UNICONE with reciprocal movements (80%) compared to the canals instrumented with XPS ENDO SHAPER (76%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Single-file NiTi systems did not remove smear layer completely, but provided efficient cleaning in the api-cal part of the canal. UNICONE file with reciprocal movements was somewhat more efficient in removing the smear layer compared to the full rotation XPS ENDO SHAPER file.

Uvod Efikasno čišćenje I oblikovanje kanala je osnovni preduslov za uspeh endodontskog tretmana. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se SEM analizom proveri efikasnost čišćenja apikalne trećine kanala jednim instrumentom kod sistema sa recipročnim pokretima I sistema sa punom rotacijom. Materijal I metode Korišćeno je 30 jednokorenih zuba (gornji sekutići) ekstrahovanih zbog parodontalnih problema I podeljenih u dve grupe. U prvoj grupi preparacija kanala je realizovana instrumentom sa recipročnim pokretima - UNICONE (MEDIN, Czech Republic), a u drugoj instrumentom sa punom rotacijom - XP-endo Shaper (XPS) (FKG, DENTAIRE, Swiss). Kao sredstvo za irigaciju u obe grupe korišćen je 2% rastvor NaOCl I 17% rastvor EDTA. SEM analiza razmaznog sloja apikalne trećine je urađena na standardnom uvećanju od 1000× I procenjivana prema skali od 1 do 5. Rezultati Istraživanje je ukazalo na uglavnom čiste zidove kanala I bez razmaznog sloja u apikalnoj regiji u obe testirane grupe. Zidovi kanala su bili nešto čistiji posle primene instrumenta sa recipročnim pokretima - UNICONE (80%) u odnosu na kanale druge grupe gde je korišćen instrument sa punom rotacijom - XPS (76%), ali bez statistički značajnih razlika. Zaključak NiTi sistemi sa samo jednom turpijom ne uklanjaju potpuno razmazni sloj, ali obezbeđuju efikasno čišćenje apikalnog dela kanala. Turpija sa recipročnim pokretima UNICONE je bila nešto efikasnija u uklanjanju razmaznog sloja u odnosu na XPS turpiju sa punom rotacijom.