Antibacterial effects of new endodontic materials based on calcium silicates

Abstract

Background/Aim. The main task of endodontic treatment is to eliminate pathologically altered tissue, to disinfect root canal space and to obtain its three-dimensional hermetic obturation. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of new endodontic nano-structured highly active calcium silicates based materials albo-mineral plyoxide carbonate aggregate (ALBO-MPCA) and calcium silicates (CS) in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA +) and UltraCal XS (CH). Methods. The antimicrobial activity of materials was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Entero-coccus faecalis (ATCC 14506) strains, and following clinical isolates: Rothia dentocariosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus vestibularis using a double layer agar diffusion test. The pH measurements were performed using the pH meter. Total amount of released ions was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results. All tested materials showed the best antibacterial potential after 1 h of incubation. After 3h and 24h of the incubation period, the an-tibacterial potential of all tested materials were similar. The Agar diffusion test showed that ALBO-MPCA, CS and MTA + had similar inhibition zones (p > 0.05), except in the activity against Staphylococcus aureus where ALBO-MPCA showed better antimicrobial properties than MTA + in 3h and 24h of the incubation period (p lt 0.05). Following 24h of the incubation, the inhibition zones were the strongest with CH against Staphylococcus aureus (16.67 ± 2.34 mm) followed by ALBO-MPCA (14.67 ± 1.21 mm) and the weakest with CS against Enterococcus faecalis (6.50 ± 1.76 mm). CH showed the highest pH, followed by ALBO-MPCA, CS and MTA +. Conclusion. The expressed antibacterial effects indicate that materials based on nano-structured highly active calcium silicates represent effective therapeutic agents for root canal obturation in one-visit apexification treatment, therefore they are recommend for further examination and clinical trials as they are proposed for MTA substitution.

Uvod/Cilj. Osnovni cilj endodonskog lečenja je eliminacija patološki izmenjenog tkiva, eliminacija infekcije korensko kanala i njegovo hermetičko trodimenzionalno zatvaranje. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se proceni antibakterijska aktivnost novih endodontskih nano-strukturiranih materijala na bazi visoko aktivnih kalcijum silikata albo-mineral polyoxide carbonate aggregate (ALBO-MPCA) i calcium silicates (CS) u odnosu na mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA +) i UltraCal XS (CH). Metode. Testirana je antibakterijska aktivnost materijala protiv Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) i Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 14506), kao i kliničkih izolata: Rothia dentocariosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus i Streptococcus vestibularis pomoću agar difuzionog testa. Merenja pH vred-nosti obavljena su korišćenjem pH metra. Ukupan iznos oslobođenih jona određivan je pomoću ICP-OES. Rezultati. Svi testirani materijali pokazali su najbolji antibakterijski efekat nakon 1 h od inkubacije. Nakon 3 h i 24 h od inkubacije, antibakterijski efekat svih testiranih materijala bio je sličan. Agar difuzioni test pokazao je da materijali ALBOMPCA, CS i MTA+ ispoljavaju slične zone inhibicije rasta (p > 0.05) osim u slučaju Staphylococcus aureus, gde je materijal ALBO-MPCA pokazao bolje antibakterijsko dejstvo nego MTA+ nakon 3 h i 24 h od inkubacije (p lt 0.05). Nakon 24 h od inkubacije, zone inhibicije su bile najizraženije u slučaju materijala CS protiv Staphylococcus aureus (16.67 ± 2.34 mm), zatim ALBO-MPCA (14.67 ± 1.21 mm), a najslabije u slučaju CS protiv Enterococcus faecalis (6.50±1.76 mm). Materijal CH ispoljio je najveću pH vrednost, zatim ALBOMPCA, CS i MTA+. Zaključak. Ispoljeni antibakterijski efekti ukazuju na to da materijali na bazi visoko aktivnih kalcijum silikata mogu da predstavljaju efikasnu zamenu za MTA u terapiji zuba sa nezavršenim rastom korena u jednoj poseti, te se stoga preporučuju za dalja klinička ispitivanja