Biological and molecular effects of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors JQ1, IBET-151, and IBET-762 in OSCC cells

Abstract

Background Despite improvements in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management, survival rates remain relatively low and novel anti-neoplastic agents are needed. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors proved to be promising agents for cancer treatment. We investigated the effects of three BET inhibitors (JQ1, IBET-151, IBET-762) on SCC-25 cell line and primary oral cancer cell culture. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT. Protein levels of MCM5 and cleaved-PARP were estimated by Western blot. Clonogenic and migratory abilities were determined by colony forming and scratch assays. BET inhibitors effects on mRNA levels of E-Cadherin, Vimentin, SNAI1, SNAI2, CLU, SERPINI1, MCM5, c-Myc, E2F, IL7R, and PPARg were analyzed by qPCR. Results BET inhibitors significantly reduced oral cancer cell viability. JQ1 showed the greatest effect reducing cell viability to 10%, both in SCC-25 and primary OSCC cultures (P lt 0.001), compared to control cells. Cells treated with BET inhibitors displayed a reduction to 50% in colony forming capacity compared to control cells (P lt 0.0001) and the colonies were smaller; they also had a 50%-60% reduction in migratory capacity (P lt 0.05) compared to untreated cells. BET inhibitors had a significant impact on genes related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and other cancer cell markers, notably on MCM5, a gene related to cell cycle control. Conclusions BET inhibitors induce both OSCC cell death and reduction of tumor aggressiveness. Molecular mechanisms of BET inhibition involve among others, MCM5 downregulation. Importantly, this study demonstrates for the first time the anti-tumoral effect of IBET-151 and IBET-762 in oral cancer.