Hronični tonzilitis

Abstract

Nepčane tonzile su deo žrelnog limfatičnog prstena, zajedno sa tubarnim tonzilama te faringealnom i lingvalnom tonzilom. Zbog svog smeštaja na ulazu u aerodigestivni trakt, stalno su izložene štetnim uticajima iz okoline, a time podložne i infekcijama. Tonzilitis se najčešće javlja u dece. Većinom se radi o virusnoj infekciji koja zahteva samo simptomatsko lečenje. U 15-30% slučajeva infekcija je bakterijska i lečimo je antibioticima. Najčešći bakterijski uzročnik je beta hemolitički streptokok grupe A. Tonzilitis se može iskomplikovati nastankom apcesa u peritonzilarnom, parafaringealnom ili retrofaringealnom prostoru. U slučaju neuspelog konzervativnog lečenja, opcija je tonzilektomija. Tonzilektomija je relativno siguran zahtev, ali se njome uklanja važan deo imunološkog sastava, zato je važno pravilno postaviti indikaciju.

The palatine tonsils are part of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring, along with the tubal, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils. Because of their location at the beginning of the aerodigestive tract, they are constantly exposed to harmful environmental influences, and therefore susceptible to infections. Tonsillitis, inflammation of the tonsils, most often occurs in children. It is typically a viral infection and requires only symptomatic treatment. In 15 to 30% of cases the infection is bacterial and treated with antibiotics. Most cases of bacterial tonsillitis are caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes. Complications of tonsillitis include abscess formation in the peritoneal, parapharyngeal, and retropharyngeal areas. In case of unsuccessful conservative treatment, the other option is tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is a relatively safe procedure, but it removes an important part of the immune system, so it should be appropriately indicated.