Evaluation of oral health in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Background. It is considered that over 450 million people worldwide suffer from some form of mental disorder; studies conducted in other countries have shown that schizophrenia is among the most frequent. Oral health has a significant place in the general human health and should not be separated from mental health. Studies conducted in other countries have shown an increased prevalence of oral diseases in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia, in particular to determine the prevalence of dental caries, diseases of periodontium and soft tissue examination and to concider possible risk factors that contribute to the existing problems with the oral health in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Patients and methods. The study included 190 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia treated at the Clinic for Psychiatric Disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic" Belgrade (study group) and 190 healthy subjects, patients of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade (control group). All data were obtained by thorough dental examination of participants, using cetrain indices for assessing oral health (DMF index, CPITN index, and OHI-S index). In addition, by anamnesis and clinical examination have been detected signs and symptoms of diseases of the oral soft tissues were detected. Specially designed questionnaire (by the type of standardized interview) provided data on the use of dental health services, exerting of eating habits and bad habits to oral health, as well as the habits of oral hygiene. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the participants, as well as data on psychiatric disorders (for the study group) were obtained from medical records (medical history) . Primary obtained data entered the program SPSS 17.0 and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, methods for testing hypotheses and application regression models...

Osnov problema. Smatra se da preko 450 miliona ljudi širom sveta pati od nekog oblika mentalnog poremećaja, a istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su da je shizofrenija meĎu najzastupljenijima. Oralno zdravlje zauzima značajno mesto u celokupnom zdravlju čoveka i ne treba ga razdvajati od mentalnog zdravlja. Istraţivanja sprovedena u drugim zemljama pokazala su povećanu zastupljenost oralnih bolesti kod pacijenata sa shizofrenijom. Cilj ove studije bio je da proceni stanje oralnog zdravlja hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, konkretno da odredi prevalenciju karijesa, oboljenja potpornog aparata zuba i mekih tkiva usne duplje i ispita moguće faktore rizika koji doprinose postojećim problemima sa oralnim zdravljem hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom. Pacijenti i metod. U istraţivanju je učestvovalo 190 hospitalizovanih osoba sa shizofrenijom, lečenih na Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti „Dr Laza Lazarević“ Beograd (studijska grupa) i 190 zdravih ispitanika, pacijenata Klinike za parodontologiju i oralnu medicinu Stomatološkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu (kontrolna grupa). Svi podaci su dobijeni pomoću sistematskog stomatološkog pregleda ispitanika, kojim su odreĎeni indeksi za procenu oralnog zdravlja (KEP indeks, CPITN indeks i OHI-S indeks). Pored toga, anamnezom i kliničkim pregledom registrovano je prisustvo simptoma i znakova oboljenja mekih tkiva usne duplje. Posebno dizajniranim upitnikom (po tipu standardizovanog intervjua) dobijeni su podaci o korišćenju usluga stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite, upraţnjavanju navika u ishrani i loših navika prema oralnom zdravlju, kao i o navikama u odrţavanju oralne higijene. Socio-ekonomska i demografska obeleţja ispitanika, kao i podaci o psihijatrijskoj bolesti (u studijskoj grupi) dobijeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije (istorije bolesti). Primarno dobijeni podaci uneti su u program SPSS 17.0 i analizirani deskriptivnim statističkim metodama, metodama za testiranje hipoteza i primenom regresionih modela...