Fluoride release from conventional, resin-modified and hybrid glass ionomer cements

Abstract

Introduction the aim of the study was to quantify and compare fluoride release from four different glass ionomer cement products (GICs). Materials and Methods Standardized disk-shaped samples (5x2mm; n=5/group) of GIC restorative materials: conventional (Fuji IX, GC Corp., Japan), resin-modified (Fuji II LC, GC) and hybrid glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte, GC) and a conventional GIC liner/base material (Alfagal, Galenika, Serbia) were tested for fluoride release up to 21 days post-setting. Each sample was immersed in 5 mL of fresh deionized water during each time interval. Universal microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M EPSE, USA) and adhesive (Adper Single Bond, 3M ESPE) were used as negative controls. Fluoride release was measured using an F-selective electrode (Cole-Parmer, USA) and an ion meter (Oakton 700, Cole-Parmer, USA). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis at 0.05. Results the highest total fluoride release was measured from Alfagal (386±61 ppm/g), and significantly less from Equia (188±29 ppm/g), Fuji IX (143±11 ppm/g) and Fuji II LC (104±14 ppm/g) (p lt 0.05). All GICs showed the highest fluoride release during the first 24 hours post-setting. After 3 days, fluoride release slowed down reaching a plateau for all materials. Regression and Pearson correlation analysis showed significant inverse relationship between fluoride release and sample mass and density (p lt 0.001). Conclusion of the three GICs indicated for use as restorative materials, Equia Forte released the highest fluoride concentration. Fluoride release was material and density dependent, with higher release occurring from lower density GICs.

Uvod Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se kvantifikuje i uporedi otpuštanje fluorida iz četiri glasjonomer cementa (GJC). Materijal i metode Napravljeni su standardizovani diskovi (5 × 2 mm; n = 5/grupa) od sledećih GJC: konvencionalnih (Fuji IX, GC Corp., Japan), smolom modifikovani (Fuji II LC, GC), hibridni GJC (Equia Forte, GC) i konvencionalni GJC lajner/baza (Alfagal, Galenika, Srbija). Ispitivano je otpuštanje fluorida tokom 21 dana tako što je svaki uzorak potapan u 5 ml sveže destilovane vode posle svakog mernog intervala. Univerzalni mikrohibridni kompozit (Filtek Z250, 3M EPSE, USA) i adheziv (Adper Single Bond, 3M ESPE) korišćeni su kao negativne kontrole. Otpuštanje fluorida je očitavano pomoću fluor-selektivne elektrode (Cole-Parmer, USA) i jon-metra (Oakton 700, Cole-Parmer, USA). Rezultati su statistički obrađeni ANOVA testom, regresionim i korelacionim analizama sa α = 0,05. Rezultati Ukupno otpuštanje fluorida je bilo najveće iz Alfagala (386 ± 61 ppm/g), značajno manje iz Equia Forte (188 ± 29 ppm/g), Fuji IX (143 ± 11 ppm/g), a najmanje iz Fuji II LC (104 ± 14 ppm/g) (p lt 0,05). Svi GJC pokazali su najveće otpuštanje fluorida u toku prva 24 h po vezivanju. Posle tri dana otpuštanje fluorida je postajalo sporije dostižući plato za sva četiri materijala. Regresiona i Pirsonova korelaciona analiza pokazale su značajan obrnut odnos između otpuštanja fluorida i mase i gustine uzoraka (p lt 0,001). Zaključak Od GJC indikovanih za ispune, Equia Forte je otpustila najveću koncentraciju fluorida. Otpuštanje fluorida zavisi od materijala i njegove gustine, pri čemu GJC manje gustine otpuštaju više fluorida.